IFRS Financial Statements 2015-16

Report on the Consolidated Financial Statements

We have audited the accompanying consolidated financial statements of Mindtree Limited (“the Holding Company”) and its subsidiaries (the Holding Company and its subsidiaries constitute “the Group”), which comprise the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position as at March 31, 2016, the Consolidated Statements of Income and Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity and the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year then ended, and a summary of significant accounting policies and other explanatory information (hereinafter referred to as “the consolidated financial statements”).

Management’s Responsibility for the Consolidated Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of these consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view of the consolidated financial position, consolidated financial performance and consolidated cash flows of the Group in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (“IFRS”) as issued by International Accounting Standards Board. This responsibility includes the design, implementation and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and presentation of the consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

Auditor’s Responsibility

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with the Standards on Auditing issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. Those Standards require that we comply with ethical requirements and plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free from material misstatement.

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the Company’s preparation and fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements that give a true and fair view in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of the accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements.

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

Opinion

In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the aforesaid consolidated financial statements give a true and fair view in conformity with IFRS, of the consolidated financial position of the Group as at March 31, 2016, and its consolidated financial performance, consolidated changes in equity and consolidated cash flows for the year then ended.

For Deloitte Haskins & Sells

Chartered Accountants

(Firm’s Registration No. 008072S)

Bengaluru, April 18, 2016

V. Balaji

Partner

(Membership No. 203685)

Consolidated statement of financial position

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated statement of income

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated statement of comprehensive income

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated statement of changes in equity

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Consolidated statement of cash flow

The accompanying notes form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Notes to the consolidated financial statement
(`in millions, except share and per share data, unless otherwise stated)

1. Company overview

Mindtree Limited (‘Mindtree’ or ‘the Company’) together with its subsidiaries Mindtree Software (Shanghai) Co. Ltd, Discoverture Solutions L.L.C., Bluefin Solutions Limited, Bluefin Solutions Inc., Bluefin Solutions Sdn Bhd, Blouvin (Pty) Limited, Bluefin Solutions Pte Ltd, Relational Solutions, Inc. and Magnet 360, LLC, Reside LLC, M360 Investments, LLC and Numercial Truth, LLC, collectively referred to as ‘the Group’ is an international Information Technology consulting and implementation Group that delivers business solutions through global software development. The Group is structured into five verticals – Retail, CPG and Manufacturing (RCM), Banking, Financial Services and Insurance (BFSI), Technology, Media and Services (TMS), Travel and Hospitality (TH) and Others. The Group offers services in the areas of agile, analytics and information management, application development and maintenance, business process management, business technology consulting, cloud, digital business, independent testing, infrastructure management services, mobility, product engineering and SAP services.

The Company is a public limited company incorporated and domiciled in India and has its registered office at Bengaluru, Karnataka, India and has offices in India, United States of America, United Kingdom, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, South Africa, UAE, Netherlands, Canada, Belgium, France, Ireland and Republic of China. The Company has its primary listings on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange in India. The consolidated financial statements were authorized for issuance by the Company’s Board of Directors and Audit Committee on April 18, 2016.

2. Basis of preparation of financial statements

(a) Statement of compliance

The consolidated financial statements as at and for the year ended March 31, 2016 have been prepared in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards and its interpretations (“IFRS”), as issued by the International Accounting Standards Board (“IASB”).

(b) Basis of measurement

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost convention and on an accrual basis, except for the following material items that have been measured at fair value as required by relevant IFRS:

1. Derivative financial instruments;
2. Available-for-sale financial assets;
3. Share based payment transactions;
4. Defined benefit and other long-term employee benefits; and
5. Assets and liabilities related to business combinations.

(c) Functional and presentation currency

The consolidated financial statements are presented in Indian rupees, which is the functional currency of the parent company and the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. All financial information presented in Indian rupees has been rounded to the nearest million except share and per share data.

(d) Use of estimates and judgment

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with IFRS requires management to make judgments, estimates and assumptions that affect the application of accounting policies and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, income and expenses. Actual results may differ from these estimates.

Estimates and underlying assumptions are reviewed on a periodic basis. Revisions to accounting estimates are recognized in the period in which the estimates are revised and in any future periods affected. In particular, information about significant areas of estimation, uncertainty and critical judgments in applying accounting policies that have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the consolidated financial statements is included in the following notes:

1. Revenue recognition: The Group uses the percentage of completion method using the input (cost expended) method to measure progress towards completion in respect of fixed price contracts. Percentage of completion method accounting relies on estimates of total expected contract revenue and costs. This method is followed when reasonably dependable estimates of the revenues and costs applicable to various elements of the contract can be made. Key factors that are reviewed in estimating the future costs to complete include estimates of future labor costs and productivity efficiencies. Because the financial reporting of these contracts depends on estimates that are assessed continually during the term of these contracts, recognized revenue and profit are subject to revisions as the contract progresses to completion. When estimates indicate that a loss will be incurred, the loss is provided for in the year in which the loss becomes probable.
2. Income taxes: The Company’s two major tax jurisdictions are India and the U.S., though the Company also files tax returns in other foreign jurisdictions. Significant judgments are involved in determining the provision for income taxes, including the amount expected to be paid or recovered in connection with uncertain tax positions. Also refer to Note 15.
3. Other estimates: The preparation of financial statements involves estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets, liabilities, disclosure of contingent liabilities at the date of financial statements and the reported amount of revenues and expenses for the reporting period. Specifically, the Company estimates the uncollectability of accounts receivable by analyzing historical payment patterns, customer concentrations, customer credit-worthiness and current economic trends. If the financial condition of a customer deteriorates, additional allowances may be required. The stock compensation expense is determined based on the Company’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

3. Significant accounting policies

(i) Basis of consolidation

Subsidiaries

The consolidated financial statements incorporate the financial statements of the Parent Company and entities controlled by the Parent Company (its subsidiaries).

Control exists when the parent has power over an investee, exposure or rights to variable returns its involvement with the investee and ability to use its power to affect those returns. Power is demonstrated through existing rights that give the ability to direct relevant activities, those which significantly affect the entity’s returns. Subsidiaries are consolidated from the date control commences until the date control ceases.

The financial statements of Group companies are consolidated on a line-by-line basis and intra-group balances and transactions including un-realized gain/ loss from such transactions are eliminated upon consolidation. The financial statements are prepared by applying uniform policies in use at the Group.

(ii) Functional and presentation currency

Items included in the consolidated financial statements of each of the Company’s subsidiaries are measured using the currency of the primary economic environment in which these entities operate (i.e. the “functional currency”). The consolidated financial statements are presented in Indian Rupee, the national currency of India, which is the functional currency of Mindtree Limited.

(iii) Foreign currency transactions and balances

Transactions in foreign currency are translated into the respective functional currencies using the exchange rates prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Foreign exchange gains and losses resulting from the settlement of such transactions and from the translation at the exchange rates prevailing at reporting date of monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are recognized in the statement of income and reported within foreign exchange gains/ (losses).

Non-monetary assets and liabilities denominated in a foreign currency and measured at historical cost are translated at the exchange rate prevalent at the date of transaction.

(iv) Financial instruments

Financial instruments of the Group are classified in the following categories : non-derivative financial instruments comprising of loans and receivables, available-for-sale financial assets and trade and other liabilities; derivative financial instruments under the category of financial assets or financial liabilities at fair value through profit or loss. The classification of financial instruments depends on the purpose for which those were acquired. Management determines the classification of its financial instruments at initial recognition.

a) Non-derivative financial instruments

1. Loans and receivables
   
   Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an active market.
   
   They are presented as current assets, except for those maturing later than 12 months after the reporting date which are presented as non-current assets. Loans and receivables are measured initially at fair value plus transaction costs and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method, less any impairment loss.
   
   Loans and receivables are represented by trade receivables, unbilled revenue, cash and cash equivalents, employee and other advances and eligible current and non-current assets.
   
   Cash and cash equivalents comprise cash on hand and in banks and demand deposits with banks which can be withdrawn at any time without prior notice or penalty on the principal.
   
   For the purposes of the cash flow statement, cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand, in banks and demand deposits with banks, net of outstanding bank overdrafts that are repayable on demand and are considered part of the Company’s cash management system.
2. Available-for-sale financial assets
   
   Available-for-sale financial assets are non-derivatives that are either designated in this category or are not classified in any of the other categories. Available-for-sale financial assets are recognized initially at fair value plus transaction costs. Subsequent to initial recognition these are measured at fair value and changes therein, other than impairment losses and foreign exchange gains and losses on available-for-sale monetary items are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented within equity. When an investment is derecognized, the cumulative gain or loss in equity is transferred to the statement of income.
3. Trade and other payables
   
   Trade and other payables are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently carried at amortized cost using the effective interest method.

b) Derivative financial instruments

The Group holds derivative financial instruments such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign exchange rates on foreign currency assets or liabilities and forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currencies. The counterparty for these contracts is generally a bank.

Derivatives are recognized and measured at fair value. Attributable transaction cost are recognized in statement of income as cost.

1. Cash flow hedges: Changes in the fair value of the derivative hedging instrument designated as a cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income and presented within equity in the cash flow hedging reserve to the extent that the hedge is effective. To the extent that the hedge is ineffective, changes in fair value are recognized in the statement of income. If the hedging instrument no longer meets the criteria for hedge accounting, expires or is sold, terminated or exercised, then hedge accounting is discontinued prospectively. The cumulative gain or loss previously recognized in the cash flow hedging reserve is transferred to the statement of income upon the occurrence of the related forecasted transaction.
2. Others: Changes in fair value of foreign currency derivative instruments not designated as cash flow hedges and the ineffective portion of cash flow hedges are recognized in the statement of income and reported within foreign exchange gains/(losses), net under results from operating activities.

(v) Property, plant and equipment

a) Recognition and measurement

Property, plant and equipment are measured at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment losses, if any. Cost includes expenditures directly attributable to the acquisition of the asset.

b) Depreciation

The Group depreciates property, plant and equipment over the estimated useful life on a straight-line basis from the date the assets are available for use. Assets acquired under finance lease and leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of estimated useful life or the related lease term. The estimated useful lives of assets for the current and comparative period of significant items of property, plant and equipment are as follows:

Depreciation methods, useful lives and residual values are reviewed at each reporting date.

When parts of an item of property, plant and equipment have different useful lives, they are accounted for as separate items (major components) of property, plant and equipment. Subsequent expenditure relating to property, plant and equipment is capitalized only when it is probable that future economic benefits associated with these will flow to the Company and the cost of the item can be measured reliably. Repairs and maintenance costs are recognized in the statement of income when incurred. The cost and related accumulated depreciation are eliminated from the consolidated financial statements upon sale or disposition of the asset and the resultant gains or losses are recognized in the statement of income.

Deposits and advances paid towards the acquisition of property, plant and equipment outstanding as of each reporting date and the cost of property, plant and equipment not available for use before such date are disclosed under capital work- in-progress.

(vi) Business combination, Goodwill and Intangible assets

Business combinations are accounted for using the purchase (acquisition) method. The cost of an acquisition is measured as the fair value of the assets given, equity instruments issued and liabilities incurred or assumed at the date of exchange. The cost of acquisition also includes the fair value of any contingent consideration. Identifiable assets acquired and liabilities and contingent liabilities assumed in a business combination are measured initially at their fair value on the date of acquisition.

Transaction costs incurred in connection with a business combination are expensed as incurred.

1. Goodwill
   
   The excess of the cost of acquisition over the Company’s share in the fair value of the acquiree’s identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities is recognized as goodwill. If the excess is negative, a bargain purchase gain is recognized immediately in the statements of income.
2. Intangible assets
   
   Intangible assets are stated at cost less accumulated amortization and impairments. Intangible assets are amortized over their respective individual estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis, from the date that they are available for use. The estimated useful life of an identifiable intangible asset is based on a number of factors including the effects of obsolescence, demand, competition and other economic factors (such as the stability of the industry and known technological advances) and the level of maintenance expenditures required to obtain the expected future cash flows from the asset.
   
   The estimated useful lives of intangibles are as follows:

(vii) Leases

Leases under which the Group assumes substantially all the risks and rewards of ownership are classified as finance leases. When acquired, such assets are capitalized at fair value or present value of the minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease, whichever is lower. Lease payments under operating leases are recognised as an expense on a straight line basis in the statement of income over the lease term.

(viii) Impairment

1. Financial assets
   
   The Group assesses at each reporting date whether there is any objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial assets is impaired. If any such indication exists, the Group estimates the amount of impairment loss.
   
   Objective evidence that financial assets are impaired includes:
   • default or delinquency by a debtor;
   • restructuring of an amount due to the Group on terms that the Group would not consider otherwise;
   • indications that a debtor or issuer will enter bankruptcy;
   • adverse changes in the payment status of borrowers or issuers;
   • the disappearance of an active market for a security; or
   • observable data indicating that there is a measurable decrease in the expected cash flows from a group of financial assets.

   
   An impairment loss is calculated as the difference between an asset’s carrying amount and the present value of the estimated future cash flows discounted at the asset’s original effective interest rate. Losses are recognised in profit or loss and reflected in an allowance account. When the Group considers that there are no realistic prospects of recovery of the asset, the relevant amounts are written off. If the amount of impairment loss subsequently decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment was recognised, then the previously recognised impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.

   • Loans and receivables
     
     Impairment losses on trade and other receivables are recognized using separate allowance accounts.
   • Available-for-sale financial asset
     
     When the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets declines below acquisition cost and there is objective evidence that the asset is impaired, the cumulative loss that has been recognized in other comprehensive income, a component of equity in other reserve is transferred to the statement of income. An impairment loss may be reversed in subsequent periods, if the indicators for the impairment no longer exist. Such reversals are recognized in other comprehensive income.
2. Non-financial assets
   
   The carrying amounts of the Group’s non-financial assets, other than inventories and deferred tax assets, are reviewed at each reporting date to determine whether there is any indication of impairment. If any such indication exists, then the asset’s recoverable amount is estimated.
   
   The recoverable amount of an asset or cash-generating unit (as defined below) is the greater of its value in use and its fair value less costs to sell. In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. For the purpose of impairment testing, assets are grouped together into the smallest group of assets that generates cash inflows from continuing use that are largely independent of the cash inflows of other assets or groups of assets (the “cash-generating unit”).
   
   The goodwill acquired in a business combination is, for the purpose of impairment testing, allocated to cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination.
   
   Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and whenever there is an indication that goodwill may be impaired, relying on a number of factors including operating results, business plans and future cash flows.
3. Reversal of impairment loss
   
   An impairment loss for financial assets is reversed if the reversal can be related objectively to an event occurring after the impairment loss was recognized. An impairment loss in respect of goodwill is not reversed. In respect of other assets, an impairment loss is reversed if there has been a change in the estimates used to determine the recoverable amount. The carrying amount of an asset other than goodwill is increased to its revised recoverable amount, provided that this amount does not exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined (net of any accumulated amortization or depreciation) had no impairment loss been recognized for the asset in prior years. A reversal of impairment loss for an asset other than goodwill and available- for-sale financial assets that are equity securities is recognized in the statement of income. For available-for-sale financial assets that are equity securities, the reversal is recognized in other comprehensive income.

(ix) Employee Benefit

The Group participates in various employee benefit plans. Post-employment benefits are classified as either defined contribution plans or defined benefit plans. Under a defined contribution plan, the Group’s only obligation is to pay a fixed amount with no obligation to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all employee benefits. The related actuarial and investment risks fall on the employee. The expenditure for defined contribution plans is recognized as expense during the period when the employee provides service. Under a defined benefit plan, it is the Group’s obligation to provide agreed benefits to the employees. The related actuarial and investment risks fall on the Group. The present value of the defined benefit obligations is calculated using the projected unit credit method.

The Group has the following employee benefit plans:

1. Social security plans
   
   Employees Contributions payable to the social security plans, which are a defined contribution scheme, are charged to the statement of profit and loss in the period in which the employee renders services.
2. Gratuity
   
   In accordance with the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, the Company provides for a lump sum payment to eligible employees, at retirement or termination of employment based on the last drawn salary and years of employment with the Company. The gratuity fund is managed by the Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company and SBI Life Insurance Company. The Company’s obligation in respect of the gratuity plan, which is a defined benefit plan, is provided for based on actuarial valuation using the projected unit credit method. The Group has applied IAS 19 (as revised in June 2011) Employee Benefits (‘IAS 19R’) and the related consequential amendments effective April 1, 2013. As a result, all actuarial gains or losses are immediately recognized in other comprehensive income and permanently excluded from profit or loss. Further, the profit or loss does not include an expected return on plan assets. Instead net interest recognized in profit or loss is calculated by applying the discount rate used to measure the defined benefit obligation to the net defined benefit liability or asset. The actual return on the plan assets above or below the discount rate is recognized as part of re-measurement of net defined liability or asset through other comprehensive income.
3. Compensated absences
   
   The employees of the Group are entitled to compensated absences. The employees can carry forward a portion of the unutilised accumulating compensated absences and utilise it in future periods or receive cash at retirement or termination of employment. The Group records an obligation for compensated absences in the period in which the employee renders the services that increases this entitlement. The Group measures the expected cost of compensated absences as the additional amount that the Group expects to pay as a result of the unused entitlement that has accumulated at the end of the reporting period. The Group recognizes accumulated compensated absences based on actuarial valuation. Non-accumulating compensated absences are recognized in the period in which the absences occur. The Group recognizes actuarial gains and losses immediately in the statement of income.

(x) Share based payment transaction

Employees of the Group receive remuneration in the form of equity settled instruments, for rendering services over a defined vesting period. Equity instruments granted are measured by reference to the fair value of the instrument at the date of grant.

The expense is recognized in the statement of income with a corresponding increase to the share based payment reserve, a component of equity.

The equity instruments generally vest in a graded manner over the vesting period. The fair value determined at the grant date is expensed over the vesting period of the respective tranches of such grants (accelerated amortization). The stock compensation expense is determined based on the Group’s estimate of equity instruments that will eventually vest.

The fair value of the amount payable to the employees in respect of SARs, which are settled in cash, is recognized as an expense with a corresponding increase in liabilities, over the period during which the employees become unconditionally entitled to payment. The liability is remeasured at each reporting date and at settlement date based on the fair value of the SARs. Any changes in the liability are recognized in statement of income.

(xi) Provisions

Provisions are recognized when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation.

The amount recognized as a provision is the best estimate of the consideration required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period, taking into account the risks and uncertainties surrounding the obligation.

When some or all of the economic benefits required to settle a provision are expected to be recovered from a third party, the receivable is recognized as an asset, if it is virtually certain that reimbursement will be received and the amount of the receivable can be measured reliably.

Provisions for onerous contracts are recognized when the expected benefits to be derived by the Group from a contract are lower than the unavoidable costs of meeting the future obligations under the contract. Provisions for onerous contracts are measured at the present value of lower of the expected net cost of fulfilling the contract and the expected cost of terminating the contract.

(xii) Revenue

The Group derives revenue primarily from software development and related services.

The Group recognizes revenue when the significant terms of the arrangement are enforceable, services have been delivered and the collectability is reasonably assured. The method for recognizing revenues and costs depends on the nature of the services rendered:

1. Time and materials contracts
   
   Revenues and costs relating to time and materials contracts are recognized as the related services are rendered.
2. Fixed-price contracts
   
   Revenues from fixed-price contracts are recognized using the “percentage-of-completion” method. Percentage of completion is determined based on project costs incurred to date as a percentage of total estimated project costs required to complete the project. The cost expended (or input) method has been used to measure progress towards completion as there is a direct relationship between input and productivity.
   
   If the Group does not have a sufficient basis to measure the progress of completion or to estimate the total contract revenues and costs, revenue is recognized only to the extent of contract cost incurred for which recoverability is probable.
   
   When total cost estimates exceed revenues in an arrangement, the estimated losses are recognized in the statement of income in the period in which such losses become probable based on the current contract estimates.
   
   ‘Unbilled revenues’ represent cost and earnings in excess of billings as at the end of the reporting period.
   
   ‘Unearned revenues’ represent billing in excess of revenue recognized. Advance payments received from customers for which no services are rendered are presented as ‘Advance from customers’.
3. Maintenance contracts
   
   Revenue from maintenance contracts is recognized ratably over the period of the contract using the percentage of completion method. When services are performed through an indefinite number of repetitive acts over a specified period of time, revenue is recognized on a straight line basis over the specified period or under some other method that better represents the stage of completion.
   
   In arrangements for software development and related services and maintenance services, the Group has applied the guidance in IAS 18, Revenue, by applying the revenue recognition criteria for each separately identifiable component of a single transaction. The arrangements generally meet the criteria for considering software development and related services as separately identifiable components. For allocating the consideration, the Group has measured the revenue in respect of each separable component of a transaction at its fair value, in accordance with principles given in IAS 18.
   
   The Group accounts for volume discounts and pricing incentives to customers by reducing the amount of revenue recognized at the time of sale.
   
   Revenues are shown net of sales tax, value added tax, service tax and applicable discounts and allowances.
   
   The Group accrues the estimated cost of post contract support services at the time when the revenue is recognized. The accruals are based on the Group’s historical experience of material usage and service delivery costs.

(xiii) Finance income and expense

Finance income consists of interest income on funds invested (including available-for-sale financial assets), dividend income and gains on the disposal of available-for-sale financial assets. Interest income is recognized as it accrues in the statement of income, using the effective interest method.

Dividend income is recognized in the statement of income on the date that the Group’s right to receive payment is established.

Finance expenses consist of interest expense on loans and borrowings and impairment losses recognized on financial assets (other than trade receivables). Borrowing costs are recognized in the statement of income using the effective interest method.

Foreign currency gains and losses are reported on a net basis. This includes changes in the fair value of foreign exchange derivative instruments, which are accounted at fair value through profit or loss.

(xiv) Income tax

Income tax comprises current and deferred tax. Income tax expense is recognized in the statement of income except to the extent it relates to items directly recognized in equity or in other comprehensive income.

1. Current income tax
   
   Current income tax for the current and prior periods are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities based on the taxable income for the period. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the current tax amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date and applicable for the period. The Group offsets current tax assets and current tax liabilities, where it has a legally enforceable right to set off the recognized amounts and where it intends either to settle on a net basis or to realize the asset and liability simultaneously.
2. Deferred income tax
   
   Deferred income tax is recognized using the balance sheet approach. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for deductible and taxable temporary differences arising between the tax base of assets and liabilities and their carrying amount in financial statements, except when the deferred income tax arises from the initial recognition of goodwill or an asset or liability in a transaction that is not a business combination and affects neither accounting nor taxable profits or loss at the time of the transaction.
   
   Deferred income tax asset are recognized to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
   
   Deferred income tax liabilities are recognized for all taxable temporary differences.
   
   The carrying amount of deferred income tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred income tax asset to be utilized.
   
   Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the period when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.

(xv) Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the year.

Diluted EPS is computed by dividing the net profit after tax by the weighted average number of equity shares considered for deriving basic EPS and also weighted average number of equity shares that could have been issued upon conversion of all dilutive potential equity shares. Dilutive potential equity shares are deemed converted as of the beginning of the year, unless issued at a later date. Dilutive potential equity shares are determined independently for each year presented. The number of equity shares and potentially dilutive equity shares are adjusted for bonus shares, as appropriate.

(xvi) Government grants

Grants from the government are recognised when there is reasonable assurance that:

1. the Group will comply with the conditions attached to them; and
2. the grant will be received.

Government grants related to revenue are recognised on a systematic basis in the statement of income over the periods necessary to match them with the related costs which they are intended to compensate. Such grants are deducted in reporting the related expense. Where the Group receives non-monetary grants, the asset is accounted for on the basis of its acquisition cost. In case a non-monetary asset is given free of cost it is recognised at a nominal value.

New standards and interpretations not yet adopted.

1. IFRS 9 Financial Instruments
   
   In November 2009, the IASB issued IFRS 9, Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, to reduce the complexity of the current rules on financial instruments as mandated in IAS 39.
   
   IFRS 9 has fewer classification and measurement categories as compared to IAS 39 and has eliminated the categories of held to maturity, available for sale and loans and receivables. Further, it eliminates the rule-based requirement of segregating embedded derivatives and tainting rules pertaining to held-to maturity investments. For an investment in an equity instrument which is not held for trading, IFRS 9 permits an irrevocable election, on initial recognition, on an individual share-by-share basis, to present all fair value changes from the investment in other comprehensive income. No amount recognized in other comprehensive income would ever be reclassified to profit or loss. IFRS 9, was further amended in October 2010, and such amendment introduced requirements on accounting for financial liabilities. This amendment addresses the issue of volatility in the profit or loss due to changes in the fair value of an entity’s own debt. It requires the entity, which chooses to measure a liability at fair value, to present the portion of the fair value change attributable to the entity’s own credit risk in the other comprehensive income.
   
   The effective date for adoption of IFRS 9 is annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, though early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating the requirements of IFRS 9, and has not yet determined the impact on the consolidated interim financial statements.
2. IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers
   
   In May 2014, the IASB issued IFRS 15, Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The standard replaces IAS 11 Construction Contracts, IAS 18 Revenue, IFRIC 13 Customer Loyalty Programmes, IFRIC 15 Agreements for the Construction of Real Estate, IFRIC 18 Transfer of Assets from Customers and SIC-31 Revenue – Barter Transactions Involving Advertising Services.
   
   The new standard applies to contracts with customers. The core principle of the new standard is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Further, the new standard requires enhanced disclosures about the nature, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from the entity’s contracts with customers. The new standard offers a range of transition options. An entity can choose to apply the new standard to its historical transactions - and retrospectively adjust each comparative period. Alternatively, an entity can recognize the cumulative effect of applying the new standard at the date of initial application - and make no adjustments to its comparative information. The chosen transition option can have a significant effect on revenue trends in the financial statements. A change in the timing of revenue recognition may require a corresponding change in the timing of recognition of related costs.
   
   The standard is effective for annual periods beginning on or after 1 January 2018, with early adoption permitted under IFRS. The company is currently evaluating the requirements of IFRS 15, and has not yet determined the impact on the consolidated financial statements.
3. IFRS 16 Leases
   
   On January 13, 2016, the International Accounting Standards Board issued the final version of IFRS 16, Leases. IFRS 16 will replace the existing leases Standard, IAS 17 Leases, and related Interpretations. The Standard sets out the principles for the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract i.e., the lessee and the lessor. IFRS 16 introduces a single lessee accounting model and requires a lessee to recognise assets and liabilities for all leases with a term of more than 12 months, unless the underlying asset is of low value. Currently, operating lease expenses are charged to the statement of comprehensive income. The Standard also contains enhanced disclosure requirements for lessees. IFRS 16 substantially carries forward the lessor accounting requirements in IAS 17. The effective date for adoption of IFRS 16 is annual periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019, though early adoption is permitted for companies applying IFRS 15 Revenue from Contracts with Customers. The Group is yet to evaluate the requirements of IFRS 16 and the impact on the consolidated financial statements.

4. Property, plant and equipment

The depreciation expense for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 is included in the following line items in the statement of income.

The Carrying value of land includes ₹66 and ₹58 as at March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 towards deposits paid under lease agreement to use the land for 90-95 years and the ownership of the land does not vest with the Group after the lease period.

Further carrying value of land includes ₹11 towards deposit paid for use of land for 95 years with an option of renewing the lease subject to fulfillment of certain conditions and restrictions.

5. Intangible assets and Goodwill

a) Intangible assets

The amortisation expense for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 is included in the following line items in the statement of income.

b) Goodwill

6. Available-for-sale financial assets

Investments in liquid and short term mutual fund units, non-convertible bonds, unlisted equity securities and preference shares are classified as available-for-sale financial assets.

Cost and fair value of the above are as follows:

Net change in fair value of available-for-sale financial assets reclassified to the statement of income was ₹88 and ₹54 for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 respectively.

7. Trade receivables

8. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consist of the following:

#Balance with banks amounting to ₹343 and ₹5 as of March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 includes unpaid dividends.

The deposits maintained by the Company with banks comprise of time deposits, which can be withdrawn by the Company at any point without prior notice or penalty on the principal.

9. Other assets

10. Loans and borrowings and book overdraft

A summary of loans and borrowings and book overdraft is as follows:

Unsecured long term borrowings represent the amount received from Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) to develop a project under “Development of Intelligent Video Surveillance Server (IVSS) system”.

The Non-current loan is an unsecured loan carrying a simple interest of 3% p.a. on the outstanding amount of loan. Repayment of loan is in 10 equal annual installments commencing from June 2011. The project implementation period was a moratorium period ending May 2011 and the Company was not liable for repayment of installments and interest during the said period. However, the interest accrued during the period is amortized and is payable in 3 equal annual installments commencing from June 2011. Any delay in repayment entails a liability of 12% p.a. compounded monthly for the period of delay.

11. Trade payables and accrued expenses

Trade payables and accrued expenses consist of the following:

12. Other liabilities and provisions

Non-current

Provision for discount

Provision for discount are for volume discounts and pricing incentives to customers accounted for by reducing the amount of revenue recognized at the time of sale.

Current

Provision for discount

Provision for post contract support services

Provision for post contract support services represents cost associated with providing sales support services which are accrued at the time of recognition of revenues and are expected to be utilized within a period of 1 year.

Other provisions

Other provisions primarily represent provision for tax related contingencies and litigations. The timing of cash flows in respect of these provisions cannot be reasonably determined.

13. Employee benefit obligations

Employee benefit obligations comprises of following:

14. Financial instruments

Financial instruments by category

The carrying value and fair value of financial instruments by categories are as follows:

As at March 31, 2016

As at March 31, 2015

Fair Value

The fair value of cash and cash equivalent, trade receivables, unbilled revenue, trade payables, current financial liabilities and borrowings approximate their carrying amount largely due to short term nature of these instruments.

Fair value hierarchy

Level 1 – Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices).

Level 3 – Inputs for the assets or liabilities that are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs).

The following table presents fair value hierarchy of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015:

As at March 31, 2016

As at March 31, 2015

There have been no transfers between level 1, level 2 and level 3 for the year ended March 31, 2016.

A reconciliation of changes in the fair value measurement of investments in unlisted securities in level 3 of the fair value hierarchy is given below:

Income and interest expense for financial assets or financial liabilities that are not at fair value through statement of income is as follows:

Derivative financial instruments

The Group is exposed to foreign currency fluctuations on foreign currency assets/ liabilities and forecasted cash flows denominated in foreign currency. The Group follows established risk management policies, including the use of derivatives to hedge foreign currency assets/ liabilities and foreign currency forecasted cash flows. The counter party in these derivative instruments is a bank and the Group considers the risks of non-performance by the counterparty as non-material.

The following table presents the aggregate contracted principal amounts of the Group’s derivative contracts outstanding:

The following table summarizes activity in the cash flow hedging reserve within equity related to all derivative instruments classified as cash flow hedges:

As at March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 there were no significant gains or losses on derivative transactions or portions thereof that have become ineffective as hedges, or associated with an underlying exposure that did not occur.

The foreign exchange forward and option contracts mature anywhere between 0-1 year. The table below analyzes the derivative financial instruments into relevant maturity groupings based on the remaining period as at the reporting date:

Financial risk management

The Group’s activities expose it to a variety of financial risks: market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s primary focus is to foresee the unpredictability of financial markets and seek to minimize potential adverse effects on its financial performance. The primary market risk to the Group is foreign exchange risk. The Group uses derivative financial instruments to mitigate foreign exchange related risk exposures. The Group’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristic of each customer and the concentration of risk from the top few customers.

Credit risk

Credit risk is the risk of financial loss to the Group if a customer or counterparty to a financial instrument fails to meet its contractual obligations, and arises principally from the Group’s receivables from customers and investment securities. Credit risk is managed through credit approvals, establishing credit limits, continuously monitoring the creditworthiness of customers to which the Group grants credit terms in the normal course of business. The Group also assesses the financial reliability of customers taking into account the financial condition, current economic trends and historical bad debts and ageing of accounts receivables. The Group establishes an allowance for doubtful debts and impairment that represents its estimate of incurred losses in respect of trade and other receivables and investments.

Trade and other receivables

The Group’s exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by the individual characteristics of each customer. The demographics of the customer, including the default risk of the industry and country in which the customer operates, also has an influence on credit risk assessment.

The following table gives details in respect of percentage of revenues generated from top customer and top 5 customers:

One customer accounted for more than 10% of the revenue, however none of the customer accounted for more than 10% of the receivables for the year ended March 31, 2016. None of the customers accounted for more than 10% of the receivables and revenue for the year ended March 31, 2015.

Due to the above, there is no significant concentration of credit risk.

Investments

The Group limits its exposure to credit risk by generally investing in liquid securities and only with counterparties that have a good credit rating. The Group does not expect any losses from non-performance by these counter-parties, and does not have any significant concentration of exposures to specific industry sectors.

Financial assets that are neither past due nor impaired

Cash and cash equivalents, available-for-sale financial assets and interest bearing deposits with corporates are neither past due nor impaired. Cash and cash equivalents include deposits with banks with high credit-ratings assigned by international and domestic creditrating agencies. Available-for-sale financial assets include investment in liquid mutual fund units and unlisted equity instruments. Deposits with corporates represent funds deposited with financial institutions for a specified time period. Of the total trade receivables, ₹ 7,834 and ₹ 5,789 as of March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 respectively, were neither past due nor impaired.

Financial assets that are past due but not impaired

There is no other class of financial assets that is past due but not impaired except for trade receivables. The company’s credit period generally ranges from 30-90 days. The age wise break up of trade receivables, net of allowances that are past due, is given below:

The allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 was ₹88 and ₹68 respectively. The movement in the allowance for impairment in respect of trade receivables is as follows:

Liquidity risk

Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will not be able to meet its financial obligations as they become due. The Company manages its liquidity risk by ensuring, as far as possible, that it will always have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when due. Also, the Company has unutilized credit limits with banks.

The Company’s corporate treasury department is responsible for liquidity, funding as well as settlement management. In addition, processes and policies related to such risks are overseen by senior management.

The working capital position of the Company is given below:

The table below provides details regarding the contractual maturities of significant financial liabilities as at March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015:

Foreign Currency risk

The Group’s exchange risk arises from its foreign operations, foreign currency revenues and expenses, (primarily in U.S. dollars, British pound sterling and euros) and foreign currency borrowings (in U.S. dollars). A significant portion of the Group’s revenues are in these foreign currencies, while a significant portion of its costs are in Indian rupees. As a result, if the value of the Indian rupee appreciates relative to these foreign currencies, the Group’s revenues measured in rupees may decrease. The exchange rate between the Indian rupee and these foreign currencies has changed substantially in recent periods and may continue to fluctuate substantially in the future. The Group has a foreign currency advisory committee which meets on a periodic basis to formulate the strategy for foreign currency risk management.

Consequently, the Group uses derivative financial instruments, such as foreign exchange forward and option contracts, to mitigate the risk of changes in foreign currency exchange rates in respect of its forecasted cash flows and trade receivables.

The Group has designated certain derivative instruments as cash flow hedge to mitigate the foreign exchange exposure of forecasted highly probable cash flows.

The details in respect of the outstanding foreign exchange forward and option contracts are given under the derivative financial instruments section.

In respect of the Group’s forward and option contracts, a 1% decrease/increase in the respective exchange rates of each of the currencies underlying such contracts would have resulted in:

• an approximately ₹Nil increase/decrease in the Group’s hedging reserve and an approximately ₹50 increase and ₹25 decrease in the Group’s net profit as at March 31, 2016;
• an approximately ₹Nil increase/decrease in the Group’s hedging reserve and an approximately ₹25 increase/decrease in the Group’s net profit as at March 31, 2015; and

The following table presents foreign currency risk from non-derivative financial instruments as of March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015.

As at March 31, 2016

*Others include currencies such as Singapore $, Australian $, Canadian $, Japanese Yen, Malaysian Ringgit, etc.

As at March 31, 2015

*Others include currencies such as Singapore $, Australian $, Canadian $, Japanese Yen, Malaysian Ringgit, etc.

For the year ended March 31, 2016 and 2015 respectively, every 1% increase/decrease of the respective foreign currencies compared to functional currency of the Group would impact operating margins by 1.42% and 0.20% respectively.

Interest rate risk

Interest rate risk primarily arises from floating rate borrowing, including various revolving and other lines of credit. The Group’s borrowings and investments are primarily short-term, which do not expose it to significant interest rate risk.

For details of the Group’s borrowings and investments, refer to note 10 and 6 above.

15. Income tax expense

Income tax expense in the statement of income consists of:

Income tax expense has been allocated as follows:

The reconciliation between the provision of income tax of the Company and amounts computed by applying the Indian statutory income tax rate to profit before taxes is as follows:

The tax rates under Indian Income Tax Act, for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 is 34.61% and 33.99% respectively.

The Company has not created deferred tax assets on the following:

The components of deferred tax assets are as follows:

A substantial portion of the profits of the Group’s India operations are exempt from Indian income taxes being profits attributable to export operations and profits from undertakings situated in Software Technology Parks and Export Oriented Units. Under the tax holiday, the taxpayer can utilize an exemption from income taxes for a period of any ten consecutive years. The tax holidays on all facilities under Software Technology Parks and Export Oriented Units has expired on March 31, 2011. Additionally, under the Special Economic Zone Act, 2005 scheme, units in designated Special Economic Zones providing service on or after April 1, 2005 will be eligible for a deduction of 100 percent of profits or gains derived from the export of services for the first five years from commencement of provision of services and 50 percent of such profits and gains for a further five years. Certain tax benefits are also available for a further five years subject to the unit meeting defined conditions. Profits from certain other undertakings are also eligible for preferential tax treatment. In addition, dividend income from certain category of investments is exempt from tax. The difference between the reported income tax expense and income tax computed at statutory tax rate is primarily attributable to income exempt from tax.

Pursuant to the changes in the Indian income tax laws in fiscal 2007, Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT) has been extended to income in respect of which deduction is claimed under the tax holiday schemes discussed above; consequently, the Company has calculated its tax liability for current domestic taxes after considering MAT. The excess tax paid under MAT provisions over and above normal tax liability can be carried forward and set-off against future tax liabilities computed under normal tax provisions.

The Group is also subject to US tax on income attributable to its permanent establishment in the United States due to operation of its US branch.

16. Equity

a) Share capital and share premium

The company has only one class of equity shares. The authorized share capital of the Company is 800,000,000 equity shares of ₹10 each. Par value of the equity shares is recorded as share capital and the amount received in excess of the par value is classified as share premium.

The Issued, subscribed and paid-up capital of the Company is 167,786,176 equity shares of ₹10 each amounting to ₹1,678.

The Company has only one class of shares referred to as equity shares having a par value of ₹10.

Each holder of the equity share, as reflected in the records of the Company as of the date of the shareholder meeting, is entitled to one vote in respect of each share held for all matters submitted to vote in the shareholder meeting.

The Company declares and pays dividends in Indian rupees. A final dividend, including tax thereon, on common stock is recorded as a liability on the date of approval by the shareholders.

An interim dividend, including tax thereon, is recorded as a liability on the date of declaration by the board of directors.

Indian law mandates that any dividend be declared out of accumulated distributable profits only. The remittance of dividends outside India is governed by Indian law on foreign exchange and is subject to applicable taxes.

The amount of per share dividend recognized as distributions to equity shareholders for the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 was ₹23 and ₹17 respectively.

The Board of Directors at its meeting held on April 18, 2016 have recommended a final dividend of 30% (₹3 per equity share (after bonus issue) of par value ₹10 each). The proposal is subject to the approval of shareholders at the Annual General Meeting to be held on July 19, 2016, and if approved, would result in a cash outflow of approximately ₹503, inclusive of corporate dividend tax of ₹102.

In the event of liquidation of the Company, the holders of equity shares will be entitled to receive any of the remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts. However, no such preferential amounts exist currently. The distribution will be in proportion to the number of equity shares held by the shareholders.

b) Retained earnings

Retained earnings comprises of the Group’s prior years’ undistributed earnings after taxes. A portion of these earnings amounting to ₹87 is not freely available for distribution.

c) Share based payment reserve

The share based payment reserve is used to record the value of equity-settled share based payment transactions with employees. The amounts recorded in share based payment reserve are transferred to share premium upon exercise of stock options by employees.

d) Cash flow hedging reserve

Changes in fair value of derivative hedging instruments designated and effective as a cash flow hedge are recognized in other comprehensive income (net of taxes), and presented within equity in the cash flow hedging reserve.

e) Other reserve

Changes in the fair value of available-for-sale financial assets is recognized in other comprehensive income (net of taxes), and presented within equity in other reserve.

f) Foreign Currency Translation reserve

Exchange difference relating to the translation of the results and net assets of the Group’s foreign operations from their functional currencies to the Group’s presentation currency are recognized directly in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the foreign currency translation reserve.

Capital Management

The Group’s policy is to maintain a strong capital base so as to maintain investor, creditor and market confidence and to sustain future development of the business. The Group monitors the return on capital as well as the level of dividends on its equity shares. The Group’s objective when managing capital is to maintain an optimal structure so as to maximize shareholder value.

The capital structure is as follows:

The Group is predominantly equity financed which is evident from the capital structure table. Further, the Group has always been a net cash Group with cash and bank balances along with available-for-sale financial assets which is predominantly investment in liquid and short term mutual funds being far in excess of debt.

17. Expenses by nature

18. Employee benefits

The employee benefit cost is recognized in the following line items in the statement of income:

Defined benefit plans

Amount recognized in the statement of income in respect of gratuity cost (defined benefit plan) is as follows:

The estimates of future salary increases, considered in actuarial valuation, takes into account inflation, seniority, promotion and other relevant factors such as supply and demand factors in the employment market.

The expected return on plan assets is based on expectation of the average long term rate of return expected on investments of the fund during the estimated term of the obligations.

The following table sets out the status of the gratuity plan.

Historical Information : -

The experience adjustments, meaning difference between changes in plan assets and obligations expected on the basis of actuarial assumption and actual changes in those assets and obligations are as follows:

Sensitivity Analysis

Reasonably possible changes at the reporting date to one of the relevant actuarial assumptions, holding other assumptions constant, would have affected the defined benefit obligation by the amounts shown below:

Maturity profile of defined benefit obligation

The Group expects to contribute ₹138 to its defined benefit plans during the next fiscal year.

As at March 31, 2016 and 2015, 100% of the plan assets were invested in insurer managed funds.

The Group has established an income tax approved irrevocable trust fund to which it regularly contributes to finance liabilities of the plan. The fund’s investments are managed by certain insurance companies as per the mandate provided to them by the trustees and the asset allocation is within the permissible limits prescribed in the insurance regulations.

19. Finance and other income

20. Earnings per equity share

Reconciliation of the number of equity shares used in the computation of basic and diluted earnings per equity share is set out below:

21. Employee stock incentive plans

The Group instituted the Employees Stock Option Plan (‘ESOP’) in fiscal 2000, which was approved by the Board of Directors (Board). The Group has various stock options programs, restricted stock purchase plan and a phantom stock option plan. The terms and conditions of each program is highlighted below.

Program 1 [ESOP 1999]

This plan was terminated on September 30, 2001 and there are no options outstanding as at the reporting date.

Program 2 [ESOP 2001]

Options under this program have been granted to employees at an exercise price of ₹50 per option (₹25 per option post bonus issue). All stock options have a four-year vesting term and vest at the rate of 15%, 20%, 30% and 35% at the end of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years respectively from the date of grant and become fully exercisable. Each option is entitled to 1 equity share of ₹10 each. This program extends to employees who have joined on or after October 1, 2001 or have been issued employment offer letters on or after August 8, 2001 or options granted to existing employees with grant date on or after October 1, 2001. This plan was terminated on April 30, 2006. The contractual life of each option is 11 years after the date of grant.

Program 3 [ESOP 2006 (a)]

This plan was terminated on October 25, 2006 and there are no options outstanding as at the reporting dates.

Program 4 [ESOP 2006 (b)]

Options under this program are granted to employees at an exercise price periodically determined by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. All stock options have a four-year vesting term and vest at the rate of 15%, 20%, 30% and 35% at the end of 1, 2, 3 and 4 years respectively from the date of grant and become fully exercisable. Each option is entitled to 1 equity share of ₹10 each. This program extends to employees to whom the options are granted on or after October 25, 2006. The contractual life of each option is 5 years after the date of grant.

Program 5 [ESOP 2008A]

Options under this program are granted to employees of erstwhile Aztecsoft Limited as per swap ratio of 2:11 as specified in the merger scheme. Each new option is entitled to 1 equity share of ₹10 each.

Directors’ Stock Option Plan, 2006 (DSOP 2006)

Options under this program have been granted to independent directors at an exercise price periodically determined by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. All stock options vest equally over three year vesting term at the end of 1, 2 and 3 years respectively from the date of the grant and become fully exercisable. Each option is entitled to 1 equity share of ₹10 each. The contractual life of each option is 4 years after the date of the grant.

Program 7 [ESOP 2010A]

In-principle approvals for administering the seventh stock option program i.e. ESOP 2010 (A) has been received by the Group from the BSE and NSE for 1,135,000 equity shares of ₹10 each. No options have been granted under the program as at March 31, 2016.

Employee Restricted Stock Purchase Plan 2012 (ERSP 2012)

ERSP 2012 was instituted with effect from July 16, 2012 to issue equity shares of nominal value of ₹10 each. Shares under this program are granted to employees at an exercise price of not less than ₹10 per equity share or such higher price as determined by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee. Shares shall vest over such term as determined by the Nomination and Remuneration Committee not exceeding ten years from the date of the grant. All shares will have a minimum lock in period of one year from the date of allotment.

Movement in Share option during the Year

The following reconciles the share options outstanding at the beginning and end of the year

*Adjusted for bonus issue. Refer note 31.

The following tables summarize information about the range of exercise price and weighted average remaining contractual life for the share options outstanding under various programs as at March 31, 2016:

*Adjusted for bonus issue. Refer note 31.

The weighted average fair value of each unit under the above mentioned ERSP 2012 plan, granted during the year was ₹1,418 (₹705, after bonus issue) using the Black-Scholes model with the following assumptions:

Expected volatility is based on historical volatility of the observed market prices of the company’s publicly traded equity shares during a period equivalent to the expected term of ERSP 2012 plan.

Other stock based compensation arrangements

The Company has also granted phantom stocks and letter of intent to issue shares under ERSP 2012 plan to certain employees which is subject to certain vesting conditions. Details of the grant/issue as at March 31, 2016 are given below:

*Adjusted for bonus issue. Refer note 31.

**Based on letter of intent.

22. Operating leases

The Company has various operating leases, mainly for office buildings including land. Lease rental expense under such non-cancellable operating lease during year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 amounted to ₹488 and ₹372 respectively.

Future minimum lease payments under non-cancellable operating lease as at March 31, 2016 is as below:

Additionally, the Company leases office facilities and residential facilities under cancellable operating leases. The rental expense under cancellable operating lease during year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 amounted to ₹378 and ₹264 respectively.

23. Related party relationships and transactions

Transactions with the above related parties during the year were:

Balances payable to related parties are as follows:

Balances receivable from related parties are as follows:

The amounts outstanding are unsecured and will be settled in cash. No guarantee has been given or received.

Key managerial personnel:

* Appointed with effect from April 1, 2015.

** Appointed with effect from June 22, 2015.

*** Effective April 1, 2016, Subroto Bagchi ceased to be the Executive Chairman and will continue as Non-executive director.

^ Effective April 1, 2016, Krishnakumar Natarajan has been elevated as Executive Chairman and Rostow Ravanan, as CEO and Managing Director.

Transactions with key management personnel are as given below:

Key management personnel comprise directors and members of the executive council. Particulars of remuneration and other benefits paid to key management personnel during the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 have been detailed below:

The above remuneration excludes gratuity and compensated absences which cannot be separately identified from the composite amount advised by the actuary.

Dividends paid to directors during the year ended March 31, 2016 and March 31, 2015 amounts to ₹230 and ₹173 respectively.

24. Acquisition of Discoverture Solutions L.L.C. (‘DS LLC’)

On February 13, 2015, the Group acquired 100% of the membership interest in DS LLC, thereby obtaining control.

DS LLC is an IT services and solutions firm specializing in the property and casualty (P&C) insurance and health care customers. The acquisition of DS LLC will enable the Group to increase its foot print in (P&C) insurance industry through access to DS LLC’s customer base, its expertise and brand value in the market. The Group also believes that P&C insurance industry has potential for growth. The acquisition was executed through an equity interest agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interest in DS LLC and asset purchase and employee transition facilitation agreement of the India operations of DS LLC.

The fair value of purchase consideration of ₹1,051 comprised upfront cash consideration of ₹581, deferred consideration of ₹361 and contingent consideration of ₹109.

The details are provided below:

The fair value of the contingent consideration, recognized on the acquisition date is determined by discounting the estimated amount payable to the previous owners on achievement of certain financial targets.

The fair value of net assets acquired on the acquisition date as a part of the transaction amounted to ₹311. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired has been attributed towards goodwill.

The purchase price has been allocated based on Management’s estimates as follows:

The intangible assets are amortised over a period of three to five years as per management’s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized.

The goodwill amounting to ₹740 comprises value of benefits of expected synergies, future revenue, future market developments, assembled workforce, etc.

The goodwill amounting to ₹740 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

Results from this acquisition are grouped under BFSI in the segmental reporting.

25. Acquisition of Bluefin Solutions Limited (‘Bluefin’)

On July 16, 2015, the Group acquired 100% of equity interest in Bluefin, thereby obtaining control. Bluefin provides SAP based business and technology consulting services. It offers SAP implementation and integration services; and business advisory services in areas of business growth strategy, operational excellence, business change management and information technology excellence. The acquisition of Bluefin will enable the Group to increase its foot print in SAP implementation and integration space.

The acquisition was executed through stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the equity interest in Bluefin.

The fair value of purchase consideration of ₹3,981 comprised upfront cash consideration of ₹3,379 and contingent consideration of ₹602.

The details are provided below:

The fair value of the contingent consideration, recognized on the acquisition date is determined by discounting the estimated amount payable to the previous owners on achievement of certain financial targets.

The fair value of net assets acquired on the acquisition date as a part of the transaction amounted to ₹1,829. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired has been attributed towards goodwill.

The purchase price has been allocated based on Management’s estimates as follows:

The transaction costs related to the acquisition amounting to ₹21 have been included under Selling, general and administrative expenses in the statement of income for the year ended March 31, 2016.

The intangible assets are amortised over a period of five to ten years as per management’s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized.

The amount of trade receivables acquired from the above business acquisition was ₹656. The trade receivables are fully expected to be collected.

The goodwill amounting to ₹2,152 comprises value of benefits of expected synergies, future revenue, future market developments, assembled workforce, etc.

None of the goodwill arising on the acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

From the date of acquisition, Bluefin has contributed revenues amounting to ₹2,197 and profits amounting to ₹157 to the Group’s results. If the acquisition had occurred on April 1, 2015, management estimates that consolidated revenues and profits for the period would have been ₹2,925 and ₹179 respectively. The proforma amounts are not necessarily indicative of results that would have occurred if the acquisition had occurred on dates indicated or that may result in the future.

Results from this acquisition are grouped under others in the segmental reporting.

26. Acquisition of Relational Solutions, Inc (‘RSI’)

On July 16, 2015, the Group acquired 100% of equity interest in RSI, thereby obtaining control.

RSI develops data warehouses and business intelligence solutions. The acquisition of RSI will enable the Group to increase its foot print in development of data warehouses and business intelligence solutions space.

The acquisition was executed through common stock purchase agreement to acquire 100% of equity interest in RSI.

The fair value of purchase consideration of ₹522 comprised upfront cash consideration of ₹454 and contingent consideration of ₹68.

The details are provided below:

The fair value of the contingent consideration, recognized on the acquisition date is determined by discounting the estimated amount payable to the previous owners on achievement of certain financial targets.

The fair value of net assets acquired on the acquisition date as a part of the transaction amounted to ₹183. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired has been attributed towards goodwill.

The purchase price has been allocated based on Management’s estimates as follows:

The transaction costs related to the acquisition amounting to ₹11 have been included under Selling, general and administrative expenses in the statement of income for the year ended March 31, 2016.

The intangible assets are amortised over a period of five to ten years as per management’s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized.

The amount of trade receivables acquired from the above business acquisition was ₹34. The trade receivables are fully expected to be collected.

The goodwill amounting to ₹339 comprises value of benefits of expected synergies, future revenue, future market developments, assembled workforce, etc.

None of the goodwill arising on the acquisition is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

From the date of acquisition, RSI has contributed revenues amounting to ₹115 and profits amounting to ₹9 to the Group’s results. If the acquisition had occurred on April 1, 2015, management estimates that consolidated revenues and loss for the period would have been ₹145 and ₹17 respectively. The proforma amounts are not necessarily indicative of results that would have occurred if the acquisition had occurred on dates indicated or that may result in the future.

Results from this acquisition are grouped under RCM in the segmental reporting.

27. Acquisition of Magnet 360 LLC

On January 19, 2016, the Group acquired 100% of membership interest in Magnet 360 LLC, thereby obtaining control. Magnet 360, LLC provides Sales force multi-cloud implementation strategies and consulting services. It assesses go-to-market goals of organizations and specializes in multi-cloud, marketing automation and community cloud solutions. The acquisition of Magnet will enable the Group to increase its foot print in sales force multi-cloud implementation space.

The acquisition was executed through unit purchase agreement to acquire 100% of the membership interest in Magnet.

The fair value of purchase consideration of ₹2,962 comprised upfront cash consideration of ₹2,526 and contingent consideration of ₹436.

The details are provided below:

The fair value of the contingent consideration, recognized on the acquisition date is determined by discounting the estimated amount payable to the previous owners on achievement of certain financial targets.

The fair value of net assets acquired on the acquisition date as a part of the transaction amounted to ₹1,174. The excess of purchase consideration over the fair value of net assets acquired has been attributed towards goodwill.

The purchase price has been allocated based on Management’s estimates as follows:

The intangible assets are amortized over a period of five to ten years as per management’s estimate of its useful life, based on the life over which economic benefits are expected to be realized.

The amount of trade receivables acquired from the above business acquisition was ₹305. The trade receivables are fully expected to be collected.

The goodwill amounting to ₹1,788 comprises value of benefits of expected synergies, future revenue, future market developments, assembled workforce, etc.

The goodwill amounting to ₹1,788 is expected to be deductible for tax purposes.

From the date of acquisition, Magnet 360 has contributed revenues amounting to ₹428 and profits / (loss) amounting to ₹(16) to the Group’s results. If the acquisition had occurred on April 1, 2015, management estimates that consolidated revenues and profits for the year would have been ₹1,647 and ₹356 respectively. The proforma amounts are not necessarily indicative of results that would have occurred if the acquisition had occurred on dates indicated or that may result in the future.

Results from this acquisition are grouped under others in the segmental reporting.

28. Segment information

The CEO & MD of the company has been identified as the Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) as defined by IFRS 8 Operating Segments. The CODM evaluates the Company’s performance and allocates resources based on an analysis of various performance indicators by industry classes. Accordingly, segment information has been presented for industry classes.

The Group is structured into five reportable business segments – RCM, BFSI, TMS, TH and Others. The reportable business segments are in line with the segment wise information which is being presented to the CODM.

The accounting principles used in the preparation of the financial statements are consistently applied to record revenue and expenditure in individual segments, and are as set out in the significant policies.

Geographic information is based on business sources from that geographic region and delivered from both on-site and off-shore. America comprises of United States of America and Canada, Europe includes continental Europe and United Kingdom; and the rest of the world comprises of all other places except those mentioned above and India.

Income and direct expenses in relation to segments are categorized based on items that are individually identifiable to that segment, while the remainder of costs are apportioned on an appropriate basis. Certain expenses are not specifically allocable to individual segments as the underlying services are used interchangeably. The management therefore believes that it is not practical to provide segment disclosures relating to such expenses and accordingly such expenses are separately disclosed as “unallocated” and directly charged against total income.

The assets of the Group are used interchangeably between segments, and the management believes that it is currently not practical to provide segment disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities since a meaningful segregation is not possible.

Geographical information on revenue and industry revenue information is collated based on individual customers invoices or in relation to which the revenue is otherwise recognized.

Industry segments:

Geographical information

29. Contingent liabilities

1. The Group has received an income tax assessment for the financial year 2008-09 wherein demand of ₹24 has been raised against the Group on account of certain disallowances, adjustments made by the income tax department. A significant portion of this amount arises from the manner of adjustment of brought forward losses in arriving at the taxable profits of the Group and disallowance of portion of profit earned outside India from the STP and SEZ units.
   
   Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Group has filed an appeal against the demands received.
   
   The Group has received a favourable order from the Commissioner of Income tax (Appeals) for majority of grounds and considering the order passed, there will not be any demand on the Group. On the other grounds which are not favourable, the Group has filed an appeal before the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal (‘ITAT’).
2. The Group has received income tax assessments for financial years 2006-07 and 2007-08 for the erstwhile subsidiary Mindtree Technologies Private Limited (MTPL) with demands amounting to ₹11 and ₹10 on account of certain disallowances/ adjustments made by income tax department. Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Group has filed an appeal against the demand received. The Group has not deposited the amount of demand with the department. The department has adjusted pending refunds amounting to ₹18 against these demands.
3. The Group has received income tax assessments under Section 143(3) of the Income-tax Act 1961 pertaining to erstwhile subsidiary Aztecsoft Limited for the financial year 2001-02, 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09 wherein demand of ₹210, ₹49, ₹61, ₹28, ₹58, ₹119, ₹214 and ₹63 respectively has been raised against the Group. These demands have arisen mainly on account of transfer pricing adjustments made in the order. The Group has not accepted these orders and has been advised by its legal counsel/ advisors to prefer appeals before appellate authorities and accordingly the Group has filed appeals before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and ITAT. The Group has deposited ₹15 with the department against these demands. The department has adjusted pending refunds amounting to ₹478 against these demands.
   
   The Group received a favourable order from the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) for the year 2001-02 where in the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) accepted the Company’s contentions and quashed the demand raised. The Income tax department appealed against the above mentioned order with ITAT. ITAT, in an earlier year passed an order setting aside both the orders of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) as well as the Assessing Officer and remanded the matter back to the Assessing Officer for re-assessment. The Group preferred an appeal with the Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka against the order of the ITAT. The Hon’ble High Court of Karnataka has dismissed the appeal filed against the order of ITAT and upheld the order passed by the ITAT and accordingly the case is pending before Assessing Officer for re-assessment. The Deputy Commissioner of Income tax has completed the reassessment & has issued a Final assessment order with a revised demand amounting to ₹202 due to transfer pricing adjustments. Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Company has filed an appeal with Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals).
   
   The Group has received the order from the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) for the year 2004-05 and on the unfavorable grounds, the Group has a filed an appeal with ITAT.
   
   The Group has appealed against the demands received for financial years 2002-03, 2003-04, 2004-05, 2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08 and 2008-09. Based on favourable order received by the Group for the financial year 2001-02 from the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and an evaluation of the facts and circumstances, no provision has been made against the above orders in the financial statements.
4. The Group received an assessment order for financial year 2006-07 for the erstwhile subsidiary Mindtree Wireless Private Limited from the Assistant Commissioner of Income-tax (‘ACIT’) with a demand amounting to ₹39 on account of certain other disallowances/ transfer pricing adjustments made by income tax department. Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Group has filed an appeal with Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) against the demand received.
   
   The Group has received the order from the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) wherein the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) accepted the grounds in part and in respect of unfavorable grounds, the Group has filed an appeal before Income Tax Appellate Tribunal. The final order giving effect by the Assessing Officer is completed and the demand is reduced to ₹33. The Group has deposited ₹5 with the department against this demand.
5. The Group has received a final assessment order for financial year 2009-10 from the Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax with a demand amounting to ₹61 due to non-adjustment of brought forward losses and transfer pricing adjustments. Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Group has filed an appeal with Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals).
6. The Company has received a final assessment order for financial year 2012-13 from the Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax with a demand amounting to ₹15 on account of certain disallowances. Management believes that the position taken by it on the matter is tenable and hence, no adjustment has been made to the financial statements. The Company has filed an appeal with Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals).

30. Estimated amount of contracts remaining to be executed on capital account and not provided for as at March 31, 2016 is ₹262 (March 31, 2015: ₹508).

31. The Company has allotted 83,893,088 and 41,765,661 fully paid up equity shares during the quarter ended March 31, 2016 and June 30, 2014 respectively, pursuant to 1:1 bonus share issue approved by shareholders. Consequently, options/ units granted under the various employee share based plans are adjusted for bonus share issue.

32. As of the balance sheet date, the Group’s net foreign currency exposure that is not hedged by a derivative instrument or otherwise is given below:

33. The Company has a development center at Gainesville, Florida, US. The state of Florida has offered various incentives targeted to the needs of the development center. The nature and the extent of the government grant is given below:

The Group had availed a non-monetary grant of USD 950,000 for renovation of project facility. This grant is subject to fulfillment of certain conditions such as creation of minimum employment with specified average salary and capital investment at the development center at Gainesville, Florida, US.

The Group’s subsidiary Bluefin has claimed R&D tax relief under UK corporation tax rules. Bluefin undertakes R&D activities and incurs qualifying revenue expenditure which is entitled to an additional deduction under UK corporation tax rules, details of which are given below.

As at March 31, 2016, the grant recognized in the balance sheet is ` 59. (As at March 31, 2015: Nil)